Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Data Systems - Essay Example It makes exchanging cost or thought of an option exorbitant that it demoralizes clients to change to another framework. The exemplary model we can refer to is SAP acquisition framework. The program is being utilized by numerous large organizations over the globe that incorporates industry pioneers, for example, BMW, Ericsson, BASF Corp., Audi, Burger King, just to give some examples. SAP advertises its item to its clients by expressing that it could â€Å"boost contract spending and implement consistence with obtainment guidelines† (SAP, 2012). The â€Å"contract help spending† recently implied that its potential clients will have more business since it will secure their customers to their business and will make it very exorbitant for them to locate an option in light of the fact that the current framework (utilizing SAP) lessens acquisition cost by â€Å"automating, streamlining and quicken the business’ obtain to pay process for merchandise and enterprises (SA P, 2012). It in this way underline operational proficiency that the thought of an option would be restrictive as far as cost, human asset and time spent searching for another provider since SAP will as of now smooth out the acquisition of merchandise and ventures. As it were, the framework (SAP) will make the items and administrations traded among providers and clients to be savvy or modest as long as the client will purchase exclusively from the provider that utilizations SAP. To additionally improve how educational innovation lock in the connection between the provider of merchandise, administrations or data and its client, we can additionally refer to the well known PC tablet of Amazon which is the Kindle Fire. Fuel Fire presents a decent defense of how a provider secures or draws its client it utilizes this to separate itself from its prevailing rival, iPad of Apple. Amazon realizes that it has the benefit of profound educational database over Apple which is its online book shop Amazon and might want to gain by this bit of leeway to remove Apple iPad’s piece of the pie on the PC tablet business. Rather than offering various applications and contending with the specialized highlights of iPad which Amazon realizes it can't have the right stuff, Amazon rather offered various books and magazines for nothing with their Kindle Fire and will sell the equivalent if a client will buy them utilizing the iPad. It is shy of saying that numerous books and magazines are free on the off chance that you purchase Kindle Fire and it will cost you a ton on the off chance that you purchase iPad. What's more, Amazon additionally offer their Kindle Fire path less expensive than Apple’s iPad and market it more as a book and magazine peruser to separate from iPad. Most importantly, Amazon likewise offers boundless distributed storage for books and magazines with the expectation of complimentary that was acquired from Amazon. In a similar vein, similar administration s of distributed storage will cost a great deal if clients will get it from their iPads in light of the fact that they need to purchase the books at premium costs from Amazon which were free with Kindle and they need to pay again in the event that they need to spare it in Amazon’s distributed storage. In the models expressed, it demonstrated that instructive innovation isn't simply used to make business productive, yet in addition made as an apparatus to continue existing clients and make the option expensive for them. Data innovation won't just make exchanging costs costly yet could likewise be utilized as a key ability that would fill in as a hindrance to new contestants into its business sectors. The exemplary model we can use to delineate how organizations make

Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Starbucks - Essay Example The following part of the exposition will depict hypothetical foundation of promoting ideas. Showcasing Concepts Research researchers, for example, Burrow (2011), Sandhusen (2000), and Mercer (1996) have expressed that associations need to choose advertising technique as far as promoting blend, division and target advertise, so as to get effective in serious business condition. Kotler et al (2009) have called attention to that associations need to change advertising blend, for example, item, value, spot and advancement as per the situational point of view, so as to accomplish upper hand. Kotler et al (2009) have attempted to set up interface between embedding right promoting technique and upper hand model proposed by Michael Porter (1980, 1985, and 1991). Components of showcasing blend can be clarified in the accompanying way: Product Companies fabricate new items so as to coordinate strides with the ever-changing nature of shopper request. Associations create items through different stages like creating thought regarding new items by utilizing essential and auxiliary research; choosing the potential thought through thought screening, testing the idea of item improvement with the assistance of criticism of clients, dissecting the business part of the item advancement, for example, advertise volume, value estimation, showcase size figuring and so forth., propelling the item in little market fragment so as to test acknowledgment of the item, fabricating the item on business premise in the wake of making progress in test promoting stage lastly commercializing the item. Ansoff lattice can be utilized so as to comprehend the hugeness of item idea in showcasing. (Source: Stone, 2001, p. 51) According to Ansoff framework, organizations create item technique because of four reasons, 1-expanding market infiltration by existing items in existing markets with an expectation to diminish chance elements related with entering new market, 2-growing new items for the current m arket so as to accomplish upper hand over contenders, 3-propelling a current item in new markets all together accomplish business development in outside shore without putting enormous measures of capital in new item advancement, and 4-propelling new items in new markets so as to make brand mindfulness among clients. Mintzberg et al (2003) have expressed that organizations need to choose the item portfolio as per the segment and cultural patterns of a specific nation. Value Companies choose the cost of items as per large scale natural qualities of market and at times associations choose the cost of items so as to upgrade brand picture. For instance, Apple utilize head valuing arrangement or allocating significant expense on items so as to show class and gentry, while Wal-Mart utilizes cost direction methodology so as to offer ordinary stocks at regular low value (EDLP) to clients. Receiving EDLP model has encouraged Wal-Mart to accomplish value seriousness over their rivals. Spot Com panies choose dissemination procedure so as to circulate items to clients. Associations plan appropriation channel sponsored by retailers, wholesalers, online deals channel, c&f specialists, organization deals officials and so on., so as to

The Use of Technology in Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Use of Technology in Finance - Essay Example Stricter progressively rigid guidelines expected firms to change their detailing forms, empowering more straightforwardness. The resultant severe guidelines sanctioned required firms to embrace present day bookkeeping rehearses that must be utilized through creative innovation interfaces. The coordination of mechanized or mechanical applications albeit expensive as far as assets and time has demonstrated to be a compelling control measure for the specialists while at the same time helping corporate pioneers deal with their inward frameworks. Different advantages of utilizing innovation in money have been the advancement of upgraded advertising, correspondence, research and exchange advances by associations. Innovation has been portrayed as the use of individual, legitimate or material way to deal with settle a stalemate that prompts upgraded effectiveness. It has been credited with progress of business activities in firms including: organization, interchanges (from postal letters to email, cell phones, broadcast and so on.), exchanging (internet exchanging or online business), mechanized creation line innovation, and research offices among others.The requirement for grasping trend setting innovation by enterprises was featured by the more tightly guidelines ordered by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in congruity with consistence rules identifying with prerequisites in regards to assessment of interior command over monetary announcing and the board affirmation necessities obligatory to corrections under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that were embraced on June 5, 2003, as per Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Organizations required trend setting innovation to disti nguish undesired development in irregularities, computerized announcing, maintaining client resources, infringement and so forth., subsequently turn away awful practices while upgrading the organizations effectiveness (WS&TStaff, 2005). Corporate administration envelops the consistence to rules or methodology, customs, decrees,

Research and Describe Benefits of Going to the Gym - 1375 Words

Research and Describe Benefits of Going to the Gym (Essay Sample) Content: Benefits of Going to the GymGeorge WagakaCollegeAbstractAn old adage states that work without play makes Tom a dull boy. Most people comprising young and old die of lifestyle diseases: stress- related ailments, heart- attack, and obesity. This has impacted greatly on the health budgets of various governments globally. Many people have ignored the fact that exercises constitute an important part of life. In the United States of America, obesity is one of the top ten causes of death among its human population. This has worried health policy makers and efforts are being undertaken to reverse the trend, not only in that country but in many industrialized nations. In that regard, it is good to point out that gymnastic has immeasurable benefits and cure to most lifestyle diseases.Benefits of Going to the GymA gym is an acronym of the term gymnastics. This is a place or a room where people go to undertake exercises after working or idling for many hours. The gym has a vari ety of equipment which enables people to exercise. Episodes of heart attacks are reduced significantly when the Body Mass Index is low. Body Mass Index (BMI) is defined as the body weight divided by a persons height squared. A BMI of 30.00 and above indicates obesity.There are many reasons why people ought to visit the gyms and exercise: It refreshes the body and mind, reduces the chances of contracting heart attack, waste products are quickly removed from the body, the heart muscles are strengthened, there is smooth flow of blood to all parts of the body, body muscles become stronger due to the opening of blood capillaries, it slows down the aging of bones, reduces many cancers affecting women especially those who have reached menopause, reduction of stress hormones, and incidences of contracting diabetes is reduced (Berard Gauthier, 1997).During exercises, the body and the mind relax and as a consequence reduce stress. The heart pumps normally because its muscles actively break down sugars and release oxygen. The released oxygen nourishes it and enables it to pump blood to all parts of the body. Chances of contracting a heart attack are reduced. The lungs receive oxygenated blood from the heart and remove deoxygenated blood from the body. Thus, it detoxifies the body and makes it fresh.Katzmarzyk and Craig (2002) revealed that the heart muscles strengthen due to the rigorous exercise. They enlarge and are capable of holding more blood. Skin muscles are nourished with large quantities of blood when one exercises due to openings of more blood capillaries.During exercises, calcium stored in the bones is released intermittently into the bloodstream and to other parts of the body. Failure to exercise enables calcium to accumulates in the bone tissues leading to contracting diseases such as gout. This disease is comm...

Homosexual Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1257 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Education Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Describe how a being a homosexual young girl with gender identity issues can generate prejudice and inequality in schools, and their effects on students personal and social educational experience. Atkinson and De Palma (2010) are among the researchers who realise that there is increasing concern about homophobia in schools. This concern extends to young children in primary school. Recognising the link between homophobic and transphobic bullying, Ofsted were prompted in April 2014 to reissue their guidance on tackling the issue in primary schools (Ofsted, 2014). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Homosexual Example For Free" essay for you Create order While Moffat (2014) lacks research evidence to back his assertion that children as young as five need to learn about homosexual and trans-people, he convincingly identifies the need for early intervention as the key to addressing homophobic and transphobic bullying in primary schools. Being a homosexual pupil generates prejudice and inequality in schools through homophobic bullying directly against them, and this bullying is rife in primary schools. An illuminating, though worrying, study by Stonewall (2009) found that 44 percent of primary school teachers stated that children in their schools experienced homophobic bullying, name-calling or harassment. Citing a study by Rivers (2000), the teacher’s union NASUWT highlights a variety of examples of abusive homophobic prejudice experienced by lesbian and gay pupils in school, including from name-calling to physical and sexual assault. The NASUWT point to research by the Gender Identity Research and Education Society (GI RES) which shows that school children can also experience gender variance, thus making them potential targets for transphobic bullying. In the Stonewall study (2009), a significant 17 percent of teachers report that ‘girls who act like boys’ are bullied. Both Stonewall and the NASUWT understand that transphobic bullying is additional to, and different from, homophobic bullying: young homosexual girls with gender identity issues suffer the two-fold risk of transphobic as well as homophobic bullying. Such bullying is likely to cause low self-esteem and the risk of self-harm and suicidal contemplation (DCSF 2007). It is unclear how this learning support will fit in the emerging revised national framework for PSHE, nor how homosexual students with gender identity issues will be included in the pupil voice which the PSHE Association (2014) rightly asserts is needed in shaping schools’ PSHE curriculum. Homophobic and transphobic prejudice and inequality also b ecome powerfully generated within schools as institutions. One way this happens in primary schools is through the prejudiced and unequal treatment of homosexual and gender dysphoric pupils producing a culture of negativity around being ‘gay’. In the Stonewall study (2009), three quarters of the teachers reported pupils saying ‘that’s so gay’ or ‘you’re so gay’. One of the teachers sums up the negative culture: ‘At primary level to call another child gay is currently a term of abuse’. Another way is through staff and parents abusing their power to treat homosexuality and / or gender difference with prejudice and inequality: the NASUWT stress that homophobic bullying can be perpetrated by any member of the school community. The process of institutionalised prejudice and inequality gathers momentum when fuelled by the school community’s preconceptions of ‘normal’ behaviour. The view from one of the teachers in the Stonewall study (2009) is striking: ‘People seem to be very definite in their ideas of what a ‘proper’ boy or a ‘proper’ girl should do or be interested in. It takes very little deviation from these so called norms for a person to be singled out and picked on.’ Within the school community, the family, itself an institution, is a prime agent in the generation and ‘norming’ of institutionalised prejudice and inequality. We know from researchers such as Crompton (2006) that the family plays a key role in reproducing social class and class inequalities. Family behaviour develops habitus within children unconsciously from a young age (Dumais, 2002). Bourdieu (1974) explains the experiential cycle whereby the family habitus fundamentally structures experiences in school, and the school acts as a conservative force for inequality. School staff and parents, as well as pupils, are all influenced by their fami lies while they perpetrate, and perpetuate, prejudice and inequality in primary schools. In this oppressive environment, it is likely that the reinforcement of ‘positive social norms’ recommended for primary school PSHE (PSHE Association, 2014) will exclude or further repress young homosexual girls with gender identity issues. Atkinson and De Palma (2010) argue that educational policy and practice need to recognise and understand the Institutional heteronormativity which lies behind individual cases of homophobia in schools. In schools with a heteronormative power structure, heterosexuality and clear male / female gender identities and roles are the only accepted norms. In her useful summary of subjectivation and performative discourse in relation to power in schools, Youdell (2011) summarises how Foucault would see this kind of repressive power as originating from the state (Foucault, 1991, cited in Youdell, 2011). This power leads to institutions, including s chools, regulating their populations and subjecting them to the state’s ‘normative criteria for judgment’ (ibid). The young homosexual girl may well be subjected to the school’s prejudicial ‘norms’, and even end up subscribing to them as a mask in order to derive identity and recognition. The name-calling she suffers is potentially as destructive to her own, real identity as it is to her emotions, since in this subjection, as Youdell (2011) goes on to explain through Althusser: We are ‘called’, and as we turn to the call we accept it, allowing ourselves to be recognized in its terms, in order to be recognized at all. In this acceptance and recognition we become a subject within the terms of the call (Althusser, 1971, cited in Youdell, 2011). Youdell (2011) takes the subjectivation process further, showing through Butler how subjection is itself a power which makes and dominates us as named categories of subject (Butler, 1997, cited in Youdell, 2010). For Butler these categories are ‘performatives’: ‘that discursive practice that enacts or produces that which it names.’ (Butler 1993, cited by Youdell, 2011). The named category of ‘gay’ produces or generates a culture of prejudice in the school around ‘being gay’, and can be blamed for doing so: since performatives can be seen as culpable in the process of subjectivation (Youdell, 2011). In conclusion, it seems that it is not so much the young girl’s homosexuality and gender issues which generate prejudice and inequality. Rather it is the unequal power dynamic within the state and its educational institutions, fed by prejudicial family and class norms, which give rise to unfair treatment by the whole school ‘community’ towards children who are different. References: Atkinson, E., De Palma, R. (2010). The Nature of Institutional Heteronormativity in Primary Schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26 (8): 1669-1776 Bourdieu, P. (1974). ‘The School as a Conservative Force: Scholastic and Cultural Inequalities.’ In Eccleston, J., ed, In Contemporary Research in Sociology of Education, pp 32-46 Methuen, London. Crompton, R. (2006). Class and family. Sociological Review, 54 (4): 658-677 Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF). (2007). Homophobic Bullying. Safe to Learn : Embedding Anti Bullying Work in Schools. HMSO. Dumais, S. (2002). Cultural capital, gender and school success: The Role of Habitus. Sociology of Education 75(1) : 44-68 Moffat, A. 2014. CHIPS Challenging Homophobia In Primary Schools Available from: https://www.ellybarnes.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/CHIPS-Volume-5-Oct-2014.pdf [28 December 2014] NASUWT. Tackling homophobic bullying. NASUWT, Birmingham. Ofsted (2014). Exploring the school’s actions to prevent and tackle homophobic and transphobic bullying. Available from: www.ellybarnes.com/primary [28 December 2014] PSHE Association (2014). How should I Teach and How? Available from : https://www.pshe-association.org.uk/content.aspx?CategoryID=1004 Rivers, I. (2000). Social exclusion, absenteeism and sexual minority youth. Support for Learning, 15(1) 13-18 Stonewall (2009). The Teachers’ Report : Homophobic bullying in Britain’s schools. Available from : www.stonewall.org.uk/documents/the_teachers_report_1.pdf [28 December 2014] Youdell, D. (2011). School Trouble. Identity, Power and Politics in Education. Routledge, Oxon.

White Collar Crime The Effects and Punishments - 5087 Words

White Collar crime has been a hot topic since the 20th century. Edwin Sutherland introduced the term at the fourth annual meeting of the Sociological Association. At this meeting he explained who this type of criminal is and what the criminal does for a living. Sutherland developed a theory to try and fit this type of criminal. The theory is differential association. There are four different pieces of evidence to understand the theory. White collar crime ranges from Embezzlement to Mortgage Fraud. This paper will explain several incidents which are involved with white collar crime and how it hurts many individuals from families to businesses. The sentencing guidelines help convict criminals. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act helped add on top of the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The New York Times in 1931 reported four cases of embezzlement in the United States with a loss of more than $1 million each and a combined loss of $9 million. Although a million dollar burglar or robber is pra ctically unheard of, the million dollar embezzler is a small-fry among white collar criminals. The estimated loss to investors in one investment trust from 1929 to 1935 was $580 million†¦ 2. This financial loss from white collar crime, great as it is, is less important than the damage to social relations. White collar crimes violate trust and therefore create distrust, and this lowers social morale and produces social disorganization on a large scale. * White Collar Crime: The Uncut Version, 1983 One can conclude that Sutherland says white collar crime is the most dangerous type of crime because it financially hurts a society. The statistics provided by Sutherland was of embezzlers, white collar crime creates morale conflicts within a society and social disorganization; it is also unethical in day to day business practices. Due to the threats that white collar crime creates in a society, Sutherland was able to reject previous criminology theories of psychopathological or economic factors (i.e., being from lower class and poverty, broken home) that explain/justify criminal behavior. Sutherland created the differential association theory, which was to include all crimes from all classes, lower class and upper class society.Show MoreRelatedStreet Crime And White Collar Crimes766 Words   |  4 Pageseconomic crimes goes up as well. Either it’s the street crimes or the white-collar crimes/corporate crimes but which of is a wide spread crime. Street crime and white-collar crimes affect the people negatively. You would be hurting yourself and others. Even though, street crimes are more violent then the white-collar. White collar effect you devastating you finacially and emotionally. Street crimes are more generally physical effect. White-collar crimes have financial issue and street crime have safetyRead MorePolice Corruption within XYZ Organization Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagescontributor to crime, personal decision. By utilizing a blend of the two, I think we are able to see how personal choice and the ramifications of those choices are directly related to each other. The deterrence theory focuses on what deters criminals from making the overt act, while the self-control theory defines what a criminal looks like who does in fact follow through on the act. This two-prong approach provides an answer for both a proactive and reactive response to white-collar crime in generalRead MoreEssay Deviance is Relative1566 Words   |  7 Pages Counter-stere otypical behavior may be viewed as acts of deviance; Phelan and Rudman defined backlash effects as â€Å"social and economic penalties for counter-stereotypical behavior† (2008). Phelan and Rudman concluded â€Å"When stereotypes are violated, people take notice.† I have seen people take notice of two men holding hands. Phelan, J. E., and Rudman, L. A. provided a few examples of the effects of deviance. A particular female puffing on a cylindrical roll of tobacco sticks out like a sore thumbRead MoreWhite Collar Street Crime Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesWhite-Collar Crime or Street Crime: Which is More Costly to Society? What is crime? Merriam-Webster defines crime as â€Å"an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law† (Merriam-Webster). There are many types of crime but the two this paper will focus on are street crime and white- collar crime. There is no definitive definition of street crime, but it is generallyRead MoreThe Ford, Firestone, And The Financial Corporations On Wall Street1706 Words   |  7 PagesPBS documentary and the TIME article, describe how the behaviors of corporations, such as Ford, Firestone, and the financial institutions on Wall Street, could or should be understood as crime whether or not they have been prosecuted? How do these activities differ from those involved in â€Å"typical† street crimes? I believe that the behaviors of the Ford, Firestone, and the financial corporations on Wall Street were considered criminal behaviors. There was sufficient evidence against these corporationsRead MoreCrime And The Crime Rates1532 Words   |  7 Pagesno education, race, and age median. Poverty and crime are most related to those who reside in the slums, ghettos and hoods. Various crimes committed in poverty areas may be organized crimes. The main focus of these organized crimes is drugs and drug trafficking. A lot of areas remain in poverty because businesses do not want to build in the area because of the crime rates. Children who are raised around violence and crime tend to commit more crimes than those who do not see it growing up. Race isRead MoreWhite Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland Essay2527 Words   |  11 Pages White Collar Crime Name Institutional Affiliation Currently, white collar crime is one of forms of crime that legal authorities are constantly combating. According to Hasnas (2004), a white collar crime is a non-violent crime committed by someone, especially to achieve financial realisation through deceit. The term â€Å"white collar crime† was coined by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 defining it as â€Å"crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of hisRead MoreThe s Discipline And Punish898 Words   |  4 PagesIn Focult’s â€Å"Discipline and Punish† (1977), he stated that laws were made for the rich to serve their needs. Its applicability and the way it’s administered and enforced caters to the rich and not the poor (Foucault, 1995). When crimes are committed by the rich, they have an arsenal of attorneys who are able to keep them from jail in addition to keeping the information away from the media. The poor do not have the luxury of retaining adequate represen tation. Inequalities do not end withRead MoreDeviance Is A Violation Of Social Norms1637 Words   |  7 PagesImagine someone rich or powerful committing crimes without the fear of serving consequences. The crime may include murder, robbery, or stealing. Deviance is a label for an action or behavior that violates social norms. Social norms are rules or expectations which usually guide members of society. Deviance is nonconformity to these norms. Social norms can vary from culture to culture and is defined in numerous ways. Many researchers believe that deviance is a violation of social norms. Some believeRead MoreA Brief Note On Notorious Cases And Implications2065 Words   |  9 PagesIV. Notorious Cases and Implications a) Belfort case The leniency in sentencing can be shown by examining a few larger publicized cases of white-collar crime. One of the most iconic examples of white-collar crime is Jordan Belfort. Belfort started a business in the 80 s called Stratton Oakmont that was a â€Å"Long Island penny-stock boiler room he ran. However, Belfort’s business was not making its money legally. It turns out that they laundered money and manipulated stock prices. In 2003, Belfort

Boundaryless Chains of Organizational Structure †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Boundaryless Chains of Organizational Structure. Answer: Introduction The report focuses on the ways in which job and enterprises have changed over the last 10 years. This study provides an overview about how these changes have influenced the job of manager in todays world. In context to this, the skills that a manager requires to be successful are also discussed in this study. Change in enterprises has lead to change in management of the enterprises and the job of managers. At present times, the managers play crucial role in the management of the enterprises. For the last 10 years, the role of mangers in managing the enterprise has changed. Now- days, the mangers play three basic roles- interpersonal, informational and decisional. Moreover, the functions performed by the managers during these years involves planning, organizing, controlling, staffing and leading (Dozier, Grunig and Grunig 2013). As the managers are present in all aspects of management, change in their job helps them to achieve target of business. The role played by the managers of todays enterprises basically involves effective decision making. The mangers of companies have four roles involving- entrepreneurial, resource allocator, conflict handler and negotiator under which it requires their decision making skills. As an entrepreneur, the mangers make decision regarding initiation of improvement project and identification of new ideas. As resource allocator, they decide the resources to be allocated and budget to be prepared (Pettigrew 2014). In fact, they also take proper decision on the action to be implemented for resolving any conflicts. Furthermore, as negotiator they represents department while negotiations of sales, Union contracts, budgets etc. As conflict handler, the managers take proper action in response to unforeseen issues. The entrepreneurial role played by manager involves initiation and reviewing of new products, improve business operations, adapts to varying environmental factors etc. Planning refers to setting target and adopting methods for achieving them. The foundation of planning is to achieve target within a specified time. In the last ten years, the engagement of managers in planning has changed hugely. Managers now make business plans mainly because of four reasons, which includes- reducing influence of change, minimizing redundancy, providing strategic direction to employees, setting standards for facilitating control and so on. Now-a-days, managers make strategic planning not only to attain goals but also to attain competitive edge over their rivalries (Drucker 2012). Based on time frame and business objectives, mangers now make short term, middle term and long term plans. This strategy helps them to devise actions in effective way and achieve success in project. Apart from this, effective adoption of strategic plan helps the managers to face challenges and avoid risk in business. While developing plans, they should basically focus on level of environmen tal uncertainty and future commitments. As a result, this will help them to avoid conflicts with higher authority. Organizational Structure and Design The companys structure and design pertains to the way where the managers arrange all departments of companies. For instance, smaller organizations usually have flatter structure and design with fewer management levels. On the contrary, larger enterprises use taller structures with several management echelons and employees. Since the organizational structure as well as design has changed over the years, the role of mangers also changed. (Ashkenas et al. 2015). Now- a- days, the executives creates specific operational procedures so that they can effectively communicate with managers and higher authority. Most of the organizations marketing managers decentralize marketing for making fast decisions. Recent evidences reflect that the managers of software organizations have changed their structure and design in order to increase efficiency of employees. The role of HR (human resource) managers in the present years has been constantly evolving. Previously, the HR managers were limited to handling routine record and primary data work among the workers. But now they are exposed to diverse complexities of workforce, strategic management of enterprise targets and legal obligations (Cascio 2018). They manages human resource by providing them training, assigning particular functions and giving them proper professional as well as supportive environment. There are fewer enterprises that still have one person administering human resources. In fact, they also provide the human resource with huge benefits including, subsidized pensions, shorten work days, provide flexibility in work, good salary packages etc. This in turn helps the managers to manage their human resource (Rice 2013). Conclusion From the above study, it can be concluded that managers in present business world plays vital role in making change in the management. Over the last few years, the responsibility of managers increased owing to increased competition among workforce. They manages the employees work and improve their quality of work life (QWL). As a result, this positively impacts on the performance of the enterprise. References Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Cascio, W., 2018.Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013.Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Drucker, P., 2012.Management challenges for the 21st century. Routledge. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014.The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Rice, A.L. ed., 2013.The enterprise and its environment: A system theory of management organization(Vol. 10). Routledge.